Review of Particle-Based Computational Methods and Their Application in the Computational Modelling of Welding, Casting and Additive Manufacturing

A variety of particle-based methods have been developed for the purpose computationally modelling processes that involve, example, complex topological changes interfaces, significant plastic deformation materials, fluid flow in conjunction with heat transfer and phase transformation, porous media, granular flow, etc. Being different from conventional directly solve related governing equations using a computational grid, firstly discretize continuous medium into discrete pseudo-particles mathematics. The then mathematically by considering local interaction between neighbouring pseudo-particles. Such solutions can reflect overall deformation, transformation target materials at mesoscale macroscale. This paper reviews fundamental concepts four (lattice Boltzmann method—LBM, smoothed particle hydrodynamics—SPH, element method—DEM finite method—PFEM) their application research on welding, casting additive manufacturing.